AI Revolutionizes Hunt for Parkinson's Treatments

Summary: Researchers employed AI to fast-track the discovery of treatments for Parkinson’s disease. They utilized machine learning techniques to screen millions of compounds and successfully identified five promising candidates that prevent the harmful clumping of alpha-synuclein, a key protein in Parkinson’s pathology.

This AI-driven approach has sped up the screening process tenfold and reduced costs significantly, potentially bringing new treatments to patients much sooner. The findings showcase a crucial advancement in drug discovery.

Key Facts:

1. The AI method enabled the identification of compounds that inhibit the aggregation of alpha-synuclein, significantly speeding up a process that traditionally takes years.
2. The screening efficiency improvement is ten-fold faster and the cost reduction is by a thousand-fold, marking a major leap in drug discovery efficiency.
3. More than six million people globally are affected by Parkinson’s, with the number expected to triple by 2040, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments.

Source: University of Cambridge

Researchers have used artificial intelligence techniques to massively accelerate the search for Parkinson’s disease treatments.

The researchers from the University of Cambridge designed and used an AI-based strategy to identify compounds that block the clumping, or aggregation, of alpha-synuclein, the protein that characterizes Parkinson’s.

The team used machine learning techniques to quickly screen a chemical library containing millions of entries, and identified five highly potent compounds for further investigation.

Parkinson’s affects more than six million people worldwide, with that number projected to triple by 2040. No disease-modifying treatments for the condition are currently available.

The process of screening large chemical libraries for drug candidates – which needs to happen well before potential treatments can be tested on patients – is enormously time-consuming and expensive, and often unsuccessful.

Using machine learning, the researchers were able to speed up the initial screening process by ten-fold, and reduce the cost by a thousand-fold, which could mean that potential treatments for Parkinson’s reach patients much faster.

The results are reported in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.

Parkinson’s is the fastest-growing neurological condition worldwide. In the UK, one in 37 people alive today will be diagnosed with Parkinson’s in their lifetime.

In addition to motor symptoms, Parkinson’s can also affect the gastrointestinal system, nervous system, sleeping patterns, mood and cognition, and can contribute to a reduced quality of life and significant disability.

Proteins are responsible for important cell processes, but when people have Parkinson’s, these proteins go rogue and cause the death of nerve cells. When proteins misfold, they can form abnormal clusters called Lewy bodies, which build up within brain cells stopping them from functioning properly.

“One route to search for potential treatments for Parkinson’s requires the identification of small molecules that can inhibit the aggregation of alpha-synuclein, which is a protein closely associated with the disease,” said Professor Michele Vendruscolo from the Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, who led the research.

“But this is an extremely time-consuming process – just identifying a lead candidate for further testing can take months or even years.”

While there are currently clinical trials for Parkinson’s currently underway, no disease-modifying drug has been approved, reflecting the inability to directly target the molecular species that cause the disease.

This has been a major obstacle in Parkinson’s research, because of the lack of methods to identify the correct molecular targets and engage with them. This technological gap has severely hampered the development of effective treatments.

The Cambridge team developed a machine learning method in which chemical libraries containing millions of compounds are screened to identify small molecules that bind to the amyloid aggregates and block their proliferation.

A small number of top-ranking compounds were then tested experimentally to select the most potent inhibitors of aggregation.

The information gained from these experimental assays was fed back into the machine learning model in an iterative manner, so that after few iterations, highly potent compounds were identified.

“Instead of screening experimentally, we screen computationally,” said Vendruscolo, who is co-Director of the Centre for Misfolding Diseases.

“By using the knowledge we gained from the initial screening with our machine learning model, we were able to train the model to identify the specific regions on these small molecules responsible for binding, then we can re-screen and find more potent molecules.”

Using this method, the Cambridge team developed compounds to target pockets on the surfaces of the aggregates, which are responsible for the exponential proliferation of the aggregates themselves. These compounds are hundreds of times more potent, and far cheaper to develop, than previously reported ones.

“Machine learning is having a real impact on the drug discovery process – it’s speeding up the whole process of identifying the most promising candidates,” said Vendruscolo.

“For us this means we can start work on multiple drug discovery programmes – instead of just one. So much is possible due to the massive reduction in both time and cost – it’s an exciting time.”

Funding: The research was conducted in the Chemistry of Health Laboratory in Cambridge, which was established with the support of the UK Research Partnership Investment Fund (UKRPIF) to promote the translation of academic research into clinical programmes.

About this AI and Parkinson’s disease research news

Author: Sarah CollinsSource: University of CambridgeContact: Sarah Collins – University of CambridgeImage: The image is credited to Neuroscience News

Original Research: Open access.“Discovery of Potent Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Aggregation Using Structure-Based Iterative Learning” by Michele Vendruscolo et al. Nature Chemical Biology

Abstract

Discovery of Potent Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Aggregation Using Structure-Based Iterative Learning

Machine learning methods hold the promise to reduce the costs and the failure rates of conventional drug discovery pipelines.

This issue is especially pressing for neurodegenerative diseases, where the development of disease-modifying drugs has been particularly challenging.

To address this problem, we describe here a machine learning approach to identify small molecule inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation, a process implicated in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies.

Because the proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates takes place through autocatalytic secondary nucleation, we aim to identify compounds that bind the catalytic sites on the surface of the aggregates.

To achieve this goal, we use structure-based machine learning in an iterative manner to first identify and then progressively optimize secondary nucleation inhibitors.

Our results demonstrate that this approach leads to the facile identification of compounds two orders of magnitude more potent than previously reported ones.