Changing epidemiology of parvovirus B19 in the Netherlands since 1990, including its re-emergence after the COVID ...

Bosman, A., Wallinga, J. & Kroes, A. C. M. Fifth disease every four years: Parvovirus B19. Infectieziektenbulletin. 13(6), 11–15 (2002).

Google Scholar 

Enders, M., Weidner, A. & Enders, G. Current epidemiological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and childhood in the western part of Germany. Epidemiol. Infect. 135(4), 563–569 (2007).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vyse, A. J., Andrews, N. J., Hesketh, L. M. & Pebody, R. The burden of parvovirus B19 infection in women of childbearing age in England and Wales. Epidemiol. Infect. 135(8), 1354–1362 (2007).

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kelly, H. A. et al. The age-specific prevalence of human parvovirus immunity in Victoria, Australia compared with other parts of the world. Epidemiol. Infect. 124(3), 449–457 (2000).

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nicolay, N. & Cotter, S. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of parvovirus B19 infections in Ireland, January 1996-June 2008. Euro Surveill. 14(25), 19249 (2009).

Article  Google Scholar 

Williams, T. C., Sinha, I., Barr, I. G. & Zambon, M. Transmission of paediatric respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Euro Surveill. 26(29), 2100186 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Molenaar-de Backer, M. W. et al. Lower incidence of parvovirus-B19 infections in Dutch blood donors during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Microbiol Spectr. 9(2), e0025321 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sauleda, S., Piron, M., Bes, M., Martinez-Llonch, N. & Puig, L. Changes in Parvovirus B19 positivity rates in plasma units for fractionation: An unexpected effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19?. Vox Sang. 117(4), 626–627 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anderson, R. M., Grenfell, B. T. & May, R. M. Oscillatory fluctuations in the incidence of infectious disease and the impact of vaccination: time series analysis. J Hyg (Lond). 93(3), 587–608 (1984).

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Metcalf, C. J., Bjørnstad, O. N., Grenfell, B. T. & Andreasen, V. Seasonality and comparative dynamics of six childhood infections in pre-vaccination Copenhagen. Proc Biol Sci. 276(1676), 4111–4118 (2009).

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferrari, M. J., Grenfell, B. T. & Strebel, P. M. Think globally, act locally: the role of local demographics and vaccination coverage in the dynamic response of measles infection to control. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 368(1623), 20120141 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

CBS/Maatschappij/Dashboard bevolking/Bevolkingsontwikkeling/Geboorte 2023 [2023, July 19th]. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/bevolkingsgroei/geboren-kinderen.

van Summeren, J. et al. Low levels of respiratory syncytial virus activity in Europe during the 2020/21 season: what can we expect in the coming summer and autumn/winter?. Euro Surveill. 26(29), 2100639 (2021).

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nygaard, U. et al. Hospital admissions and need for mechanical ventilation in children with respiratory syncytial virus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 7(3), 171–179 (2023).

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bardsley, M. et al. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in England during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by laboratory, clinical, and syndromic surveillance: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 23(1), 56–66 (2023).

Article  Google Scholar 

Kutsaya, A. et al. Prospective clinical and serological follow-up in early childhood reveals a high rate of subclinical RSV infection and a relatively high reinfection rate within the first 3 years of life. Epidemiol. Infect. 144(8), 1622–1633 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Memoli, M. J. et al. Influenza a reinfection in sequential human challenge: Implications for protective immunity and “Universal” vaccine development. Clin. Infect. Diseases. 70(5), 748–753 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Eden, J. S. et al. Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Nat Commun. 13(1), 2884 (2022).

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hübschen, J. M. et al. Phylogenetic analysis of human parvovirus b19 sequences from eleven different countries confirms the predominance of genotype 1 and suggests the spread of genotype 3b. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47(11), 3735–3738 (2009).

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jia, J. et al. Existence of various human parvovirus B19 genotypes in Chinese plasma pools: genotype 1, genotype 3, putative intergenotypic recombinant variants and new genotypes. Virol J. 13(1), 155 (2016).

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miller, E., Fairley, C. K., Cohen, B. J. & Seng, C. Immediate and long term outcome of human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. Brit. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 105(2), 174–178 (1998).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fourgeaud, J. et al. Post-COVID-19 pandemic outbreak of severe Parvovirus B19 primary infections in Paris, France: 10-year interrupted time-series analysis (2012–2023). J. Clin. Virol. 167, 105576 (2023).

Article  Google Scholar 

Patalon, T. et al. An outbreak of parvovirus B19 in Israel. Viruses. 15(11), 2261 (2023).

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van den Brandhof, W. E., Kroes, A. C. M., Bosman, A., Peeters, M. F. & Heijnen, M. L. A. Reporting virus diagnostics in the Netherlands: representativeness of the virological weekly reports. Infectieziektenbulletin. 13(4), 137–143 (2002).

Google Scholar 

van Dijk, S. M., Duijster, J., Pijnacker, R., Vossen, A. & Hahné, S. Evaluation of the Dutch national sentinel surveillance system. Infectieziektenbulletin 30(2), 13–16 (2019).

Google Scholar 

Molenaar-de Backer, M. W., de Waal, M., Sjerps, M. C. & Koppelman, M. H. Validation of new real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of hepatitis A virus RNA and parvovirus B19 DNA. Transfusion. 56(2), 440–448 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Torrence, C. C. G. A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull. Am. Metereol. Soc. 79(1), 61–68 (1998).

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Cazelles, B., Cazelles, K. & Chavez, M. Wavelet analysis in ecology and epidemiology: impact of statistical tests. J R Soc Interface. 11(91), 20130585 (2014).

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Benincà, E. et al. Wavelet clustering analysis as a tool for characterizing community structure in the human microbiome. Sci Rep. 13(1), 8042 (2023).

Article  ADS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Addison, P. S. The illustrated wavelet transform handbook: introductory theory and applications in science, medicine and finance (CRC Press, 2017).

Book  Google Scholar 

Millard, S. P. EnvStats: An R package for environmental statistics (Springer, New York, 2013).

Book  Google Scholar 

Gouhier, T.C., Grinsted, A., Simko, V. R package biwavelet: Conduct Univariate and Bivariate Wavelet Analyses 2019. https://github.com/tgouhier/biwavelet.